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Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)

EMA-monograph classical European bitter for dyspepsia and mild appetite loss, thujone content limits chronic use.

Why

Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) holds an EMA HMPC Traditional Use monograph for relief of symptoms in mild dyspeptic/gastrointestinal disorders and for temporary loss of appetite. The thujone content (a GABA-A antagonist neurotoxin at high doses) is the practical limit, limit to short courses, and the essential oil should never be ingested undiluted. The traditional French absinthe beverage was banned for nearly a century in Europe over thujone concerns.

How it works

Sesquiterpene lactone bitter principles (absinthin, anabsinthin) stimulate gastric and bile secretion via taste-receptor reflexes. Thujone is a GABA-A receptor antagonist (the basis of the historical absinthe concern).

Expected onset · Appetite and dyspepsia effects within days

How to take

Dosage

Dried herb: 0.5–1 g as infusion before meals, up to three times daily. Limit course to 2–3 weeks.

Timing

10–20 minutes before main meals

On the label

Standardised dried herb. Avoid essential oil products for internal use. Pre-mixed in some commercial digestive bitter blends.

Ideal for

Adults with appetite loss, mild dyspepsia or sluggish digestion seeking traditional European bitter preparations.

Safety

Thujone content, limit to short courses, no more than 2–3 weeks. Avoid in epilepsy (GABA-A antagonism), pregnancy (abortifacient at high doses), breastfeeding, peptic ulcer (active stimulation of gastric secretion), and active gallbladder disease. Essential oil is not for internal use. EU regulation limits thujone in beverages.

Evidence

At a glance

EMA classifies wormwood at Traditional Use for mild dyspeptic complaints and temporary loss of appetite. Traditional-use registration only, no Cochrane review, no Well-Established Use monograph, no EFSA-authorised claim, and no major-journal RCT supports a specific therapeutic effect. Inclusion here reflects the documented tradition; modern clinical evidence is limited.

Limitations

Traditional-use registration only, no Cochrane review, no Well-Established Use monograph, no EFSA-authorised claim, and no major-journal RCT supports a specific therapeutic effect. Inclusion here reflects the documented tradition; modern clinical evidence is limited.

Where to get it

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