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SupplementModerate evidenceImmunity

Pycnogenol (French maritime pine bark)

Standardised pine bark extract with RCT signal for chronic venous insufficiency, microcirculation and mild hypertension.

Why

Pycnogenol is a standardised extract of French maritime pine bark (Pinus pinaster) containing oligomeric procyanidins, catechins and phenolic acids. RCTs and a Cochrane review report effects on chronic venous insufficiency oedema comparable to horse chestnut. A separate body of work documents reductions in retinal microcirculation impairment in diabetes and mild blood pressure reductions. Travel-related oedema and post-thrombotic syndrome have additional small RCT signal.

How it works

Procyanidins and catechins improve endothelial nitric oxide production, reduce platelet aggregation, and protect microvascular permeability. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on the vascular wall.

Expected onset · Vascular effects emerge over 4–8 weeks; BP effects over 8–12 weeks

How to take

Dosage

100–300 mg/day divided. Most CVI trials use 150–300 mg/day; blood pressure trials use 100–200 mg/day.

Timing

Divided morning and evening with food

On the label

Look specifically for 'Pycnogenol' (trademarked French maritime pine bark extract). Other 'pine bark extracts' are not equivalent to the standardised material used in trials.

Ideal for

Adults with chronic venous insufficiency, microvascular complaints, or seeking modest blood pressure support.

Safety

Mild antiplatelet effect. Stop 2 weeks before surgery, caution with anticoagulants. Mild GI upset, dizziness, headache. May lower blood glucose. Monitor in diabetes. Pregnancy and breastfeeding data limited; some small trials in pregnancy-related pain but use with clinical supervision.

Evidence

At a glance

Cochrane 2012 SR on Pycnogenol for chronic disorders found generally positive signal across CVI, asthma and ADHD but flagged trial quality and selective reporting concerns. Cesarone 2010 Angiology RCT (n=86 CVI): Pycnogenol 100 mg three times daily improved oedema, heaviness and ankle circumference vs placebo at 8 weeks. Effect size moderate; brand-specific evidence (other pine bark extracts not equivalent).

Where to get it

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