Back to Immunity
SupplementModerate evidenceImmunity

Manganese

Essential trace mineral with EFSA claims for connective tissue, bone and energy metabolism, dietary intake usually adequate.

Why

Manganese is essential for bone formation, glucose metabolism, and antioxidant defence. EFSA has authorised health claims for manganese's contribution to normal energy-yielding metabolism, normal connective tissue formation, normal bones, and protection of cells from oxidative stress. Dietary deficiency is rare; toxicity from chronic high-dose supplementation or industrial exposure causes a parkinsonian syndrome.

How it works

Cofactor for manganese superoxide dismutase (mitochondrial antioxidant), arginase, pyruvate carboxylase, and glycosyltransferases involved in proteoglycan synthesis (bone matrix).

Expected onset · Deficiency correction over weeks (rare in adequately-nourished adults)

How to take

Dosage

RDI / adequate intake: 1.8–2.3 mg/day. Supplements: 1–5 mg/day. Avoid sustained intakes above 10 mg/day.

Timing

With food

On the label

Manganese bisglycinate or sulfate. Stated elemental manganese per dose. Often included in mineral or bone formulas.

Ideal for

Adults included in mineral-balance combinations; rarely supplemented alone.

Safety

Chronic excess (industrial exposure, large supplement doses) causes manganism, a parkinsonian syndrome. Liver disease impairs excretion. Caution with hepatic insufficiency. Reduces absorption of tetracyclines and quinolones. Separate by 2 hours. Pregnancy: dietary intake fine.

Evidence

At a glance

EFSA-authorised claims cover four separate functions of manganese. Dietary intake from grains, legumes, leafy vegetables and tea is usually adequate; routine supplementation rarely needed.

Where to get it

Shop Manganese on Amazon

Sponsored · As an Amazon Associate, Healicus earns from qualifying purchases.