Evening primrose oil
Gamma-linolenic acid source with modest signal for cyclic mastalgia and a withdrawn historical eczema indication.
Why
Evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis seed oil) is a rich source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). The most consistent RCT signal is in cyclic mastalgia, modest reductions in breast pain severity at 3–4 g/day over 3–6 months. The historical UK licence for atopic eczema (Epogam) was withdrawn in 2002 after Cochrane review found no consistent effect. Modern use is mostly for breast pain and as a GLA source in atopic skin.
How it works
GLA is the immediate precursor of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and prostaglandin E1, with downstream anti-inflammatory effects. In cyclic mastalgia, this may correct the abnormal prolactin-prostaglandin balance proposed as the underlying mechanism.
Expected onset · Cyclic mastalgia: effect emerges over 3–6 cycles (8–24 weeks)
How to take
Dosage
Cyclic mastalgia: 3–4 g/day (delivering ~270–360 mg GLA), divided across the day. Atopic skin: 4–6 g/day.
Timing
Divided with meals
On the label
Stated GLA content per capsule (typically 9–10% of total oil). Cold-pressed, refrigerated storage preserves activity.
Ideal for
Women with troublesome cyclic mastalgia; people with atopic skin seeking a dietary fatty-acid approach.
Safety
Evidence
Pruthi 2010 Altern Med Rev meta-analysis: evening primrose oil produced modest reductions in cyclic mastalgia severity, with effect comparable to bromocriptine but slower onset. Cochrane 2013 SR on atopic eczema found no consistent benefit, the historical UK licence was withdrawn. Mastalgia remains the indication with the more consistent positive signal.
Where to get it
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