Elderberry
RCT evidence for shortening influenza duration by 3-4 days when started early.
Why
RCT evidence for shortening influenza duration by 3-4 days when started early. EMA monograph covers traditional use for colds.
How it works
Anthocyanin polyphenols bind influenza haemagglutinin in vitro; RCTs report shortened influenza duration when started within 48h of symptoms.
Expected onset · Acute use; symptom-duration effect emerges over 2–4 days
How to take
Dosage
Standardised syrup (Sambucol): 15 ml four times daily for 5 days, started within 48 h of influenza symptoms (Zakay-Rones 2004). Extract capsules: 300 mg twice daily as prophylaxis around travel.
Timing
Acute illness, start within 48h of first symptom
Safety
Evidence
Zakay-Rones 2004 J Int Med Res RCT (n=60, influenza A/B): standardised elderberry syrup (Sambucol) 15 ml four times daily started within 48h of symptoms shortened flu duration by ~4 days vs placebo. Small trial; the evidence is consistent across small RCTs but the absolute n base is thin. Use only commercial products. Raw or unripe berries are toxic.
Where to get it
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