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SupplementModerate evidenceImmunity

Cocoa flavanols

EFSA-authorised endothelial-function claim at ≥200 mg flavanols/day, supported by the COSMOS RCT.

Why

Cocoa flavanols, principally (–)-epicatechin and procyanidins, have an EFSA-authorised health claim that 200 mg/day contributes to maintaining endothelial function. The COSMOS trial (Sesso JAMA Intern Med 2022, n=21,442) reported a non-significant 10% reduction in total cardiovascular events overall but a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality and in those who adhered to the protocol. Effect on blood pressure is small but consistent in hypertensives.

How it works

(–)-Epicatechin activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and flow-mediated dilation. Independent effects on platelet function, insulin sensitivity, and LDL oxidation are mechanistically documented.

Expected onset · Endothelial function changes within 2–4 weeks; BP effects over 4–12 weeks

How to take

Dosage

200 mg cocoa flavanols/day (EFSA-claim threshold). Concentrated capsules deliver this without the sugar; equivalent in plain dark chocolate (70%+) is ~25–40 g/day.

Timing

Once daily with food

On the label

Stated 'cocoa flavanols' content per serving (Cocoavia and similar deliver 500 mg standardised flavanols). Cocoa powder varies widely; alkalised (Dutch-process) loses flavanols.

Ideal for

Adults with mild hypertension or pre-hypertension; people seeking cardiovascular-supportive nutrition without sugar load.

Safety

Dark chocolate as a source contains sugar and calories, relevant for weight and glycaemic management. Caffeine and theobromine present, relevant if caffeine-sensitive. Theoretical antiplatelet effect at high doses. Pregnancy: culinary doses fine; supplement doses limited data.

Evidence

At a glance

EFSA-authorised health claim: 200 mg cocoa flavanols/day contributes to maintaining normal endothelium-dependent vasodilation. COSMOS 2022 large RCT (n=21,442 older adults): non-significant 10% reduction in total CVD events; significant reduction in CVD mortality in pre-specified analyses. Cochrane 2017 SR on cocoa for BP: small but consistent systolic BP reduction of 1.8 mmHg.

Where to get it

Shop Cocoa flavanols on Amazon

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